English Grammar Basics | Present Continuous, Future Forms, and Present Perfect

The word "Listen!" shows that the action is in progress at the moment of speaking, so use "is" plus the -ing form of "cry," making "is crying." "Cries" is the present simple and commonly describes habits, while "crying" alone lacks the form of "be" needed to make the verb phrase.

The phrase "normally lives in Osaka" contrasts with a stay in Tokyo limited to "this month," making the Tokyo situation temporary. The present continuous "is staying" therefore fits. "Stays" would sound like a regular habit, and "stay" does not agree with the third-person singular subject "she."

The verb "understand" describes a state of comprehension and normally takes a simple rather than continuous form, so "I understand" is natural. The word "now" does not automatically require the present continuous. "Am understanding" is unnatural in this standard context, and "understands" does not agree with "I."

Because the other party and the time have been confirmed, the present continuous "am seeing" naturally expresses this future arrangement. "See" would sound like a regular habit, "will seeing" fails to use the base form after "will," and "am see" lacks the -ing form required after "am."

The decision is made at the moment of speaking in response to the bell, so "will get" is the most natural choice. "Be going to" normally presents an intention or plan formed before speaking. "Am getting" more readily describes an action already in progress or an arrangement, not the central spontaneous-decision use tested here.

The dark clouds provide present evidence for a near-future prediction, so "is going to rain" is appropriate. "Rains" describes a present habit, "has rained" presents a completed action with present relevance, and "was raining" describes an action in progress in the past. None of those forms fits the coming event indicated by "soon."

A scheduled event on a timetable takes the present simple even when it is in the future, so "leaves," with third-person singular -s for "the train," is correct. "Leave" does not agree with the subject, while "is leave" and "will leaving" use the wrong verb forms after "is" and "will."

A question about life experience up to now is "Have you ever ridden ...?" and the answer stating no such experience is "I have never ridden ...." "Did" is used for a finished past time or period, and "has" does not agree with "you." The affirmative expression "I have ever ridden" is also unsuitable for this negative answer.

The word "just" means a short time ago and normally goes between "has" and the past participle "finished" in the present perfect. "Yet" in a question about whether something has happened normally goes at the end, so "just / yet" is correct. "Still" indicates that an unfinished situation continues and does not fit either blank here.

The phrase "last Saturday" identifies a specific finished time in the past, so the past simple "visited" is correct. The present perfect "have visited" can describe experience up to now or a past action connected to the present, but it is not normally used with a finished past time such as "last Saturday." "Have visit" is also incorrect because the present perfect requires the past participle "visited."