1990s News Quiz | Advances in Science, Medicine and the Internet

The official timeline dates the company's establishment to 1992, Internet Connectivity Service to 1993, and Dialup IP Service to 1994. A company's founding and the launch of each service are separate events. IIJ's 'Japan's first' description concerns its commercial service and does not deny the existence of earlier research networks.

The technical achievement date for FOC was April 27, 1995, while the public announcement came on July 17. GPS had been under development and in operation earlier, and initial operational capability was declared in 1993, so 1995 was neither its invention year nor the year of its first satellite launch.

51 Pegasi b is recognized as the first confirmed exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star. Its short orbit close to the star also challenged prevailing expectations for giant gaseous planets. The 'first' has this defined scope and does not mean that life was discovered.

O157 is a strain of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, a bacterium that can be killed by heat and disinfectants. Heating alone does not prevent contamination after cooking, so handwashing, separating utensils and hygienic food handling are also necessary. Possible sources are not limited to meat.

In somatic cell nuclear transfer, the egg cell's nucleus is removed and replaced with a nucleus from an adult body cell. Dolly's nuclear donor was an adult sheep's mammary cell. Mammals had previously been cloned from embryonic cells, so the historic first was specifically a mammal cloned from an adult cell.

Deep Blue won the six-game rematch in 1997, becoming the first computer system to defeat a reigning world champion in a match under standard tournament time controls. Winning the first game in 1996 was not the same as winning that match, and the result cannot be generalized to every form of human intelligence.

Mars Pathfinder was the spacecraft and mission that landed on Mars, while Sojourner was the small rover it carried and deployed. The rover moved across the surface for technology demonstrations and observations; the mission was neither crewed nor designed to return samples.

The law was enacted and implemented in 1997, but the first donation after legal brain-death determination under it occurred in 1999. At the time, requirements included the person's written declaration consenting to brain-death determination and organ removal, with no family objection. These original rules should be distinguished from the amendment implemented in 2010.

Human ES cell lines were important because they could proliferate in an undifferentiated state and were pluripotent, with the potential to form derivatives of the three germ layers. The 1998 report did not create complete transplantable organs, clone a person, or eliminate every form of immune rejection.

The university search engine Backrub came first, was renamed Google, and then attracted investment that helped form the company in 1998. The history of a search-service company is distinct from the history of the World Wide Web, which was proposed in 1989 and opened more broadly in the early 1990s.