Japanese Synonym and Homophone Questions | Word Choice for Approvals, Accounts, Organizations, and Publishing, Set 6

決裁 means that a superior with the relevant authority decides whether to approve a proposal or request submitted by a subordinate. Because the manager reviews and approves the purchase request under that authority, 決裁 is correct. The homophone 決済 means completing a commercial transaction through the transfer of payment, goods, or similar consideration; it does not mean deciding whether to approve a request. 裁決 can refer to a ruling on an administrative appeal, while 精算 means recalculating and adjusting an amount.

精算 means calculating charges or expenses in detail and adjusting any excess or shortfall. Comparing the advance with actual expenses and returning the difference is therefore 精算. 清算 centers on settling debts, winding up a dissolved entity's assets, or bringing a past relationship to a close. 決算 means closing and summarizing accounts for a period, while 決済 means completing a transaction through payment or delivery.

対称 describes a relationship in which corresponding parts coincide under reflection across a line, rotation around a point, or another specified transformation. Because the two halves coincide when the logo is folded along its center line, 対称 is correct. 対象 is the target of an action or investigation, 対照 means comparing two things or a contrast that makes their differences stand out, and 対処 means dealing with a situation.

体制 means an organized system composed of roles, rules, lines of command, and decision-making arrangements. Because the company is establishing enduring responsibilities and supervisory rules, 体制 is correct. 態勢 emphasizes readiness or a posture adopted for a particular event or situation. 体勢 refers to bodily posture or position, while 大勢 means the prevailing course of events or the majority side.

異動 means a personnel change involving a person's position, department, or workplace, whereas 移動 means a person or object changing physical location. A is a change in the employee's departmental assignment, so it is 異動. B changes the desks' location, so it is 移動. Although the words are pronounced alike, the distinction is between a personnel change and a change of position.

過程 means the path or process through which something changes and progresses toward a result. 課程 means the scope and sequence of study assigned over a period at a school or similar institution. A is the development process from prototype to finished product, so it is 過程. B is a graduate course of study, so it is 課程. The object, as in 開発過程 and 修士課程, provides the key distinction.

鑑賞 means grasping and appreciating what a work of art expresses, while 観賞 centers on looking at something and enjoying its beauty or charm. A involves appreciating the expression of a film, so it is 鑑賞. B involves viewing and enjoying flowers, so it is 観賞. The meanings can approach each other for some aesthetic subjects, but a film and flowers illustrate their central usages clearly.

発行 means producing and issuing a certificate, ticket, publication, or similar item for use. 発効 means that a law, treaty, or rule begins to have effect. The city issues a certificate in A, so 発行 is correct; the treaty acquires legal effect in B, so 発効 is correct. The distinction is between issuing a document and a legal norm entering into force.

規程 primarily denotes a body of articles established for a particular purpose, while 規定 denotes the act of prescribing something or an individual rule or provision. A is the entire 15-article document governing business travel, so it is 規程. B is the individual cap prescribed by Article 5, so it is 規定. Actual document titles follow each organization's conventions, but this question tests the central distinction between the complete code and a specific provision.

校閲 centers on examining a document's content and correcting factual errors, inconsistencies, or other deficiencies. Verifying statistics against original sources and checking the article's logic therefore constitute 校閲. 校正 primarily means comparing a manuscript with a proof and correcting typographical or formatting errors. 添削 means correcting or commenting on another person's writing, while 推敲 means that the writer refines the wording.