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Retail Marketing (Sales Specialist) Grade 3 | Sales and Business Management Financial Metrics and Labor Practices Questions 02

1 / 100.0s

Problem 1

A store had monthly sales of 8 million yen and cost of goods sold of 5.6 million yen. What was its gross profit margin for the month?

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Gross profit was 8 million − 5.6 million = 2.4 million yen. Gross profit margin is gross profit divided by sales, multiplied by 100, so 2.4 million ÷ 8 million × 100 = 30%. The 70% figure is the cost-of-goods-sold ratio, not the gross profit margin.

Problem 2

A store had gross profit of 2.4 million yen and selling, general, and administrative expenses of 1.8 million yen. What was its operating profit?

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Operating profit is gross profit less selling, general, and administrative expenses. Therefore, 2.4 million − 1.8 million = 600,000 yen. The 2.4-million-yen figure is gross profit before these expenses are deducted.

Problem 3

Which method best conforms to the general rule for a store manager to determine each employee's actual daily working hours?

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An employer must confirm and record each worker's daily start and end times, generally through direct observation or objective records such as timecards, IC cards, or computer-use logs. A scheduled shift or sales transaction time does not itself show the time actually worked, and even objective records require follow-up when punches are missing or inconsistent with reality.

Problem 4

A store has monthly fixed costs of 1.2 million yen and a contribution margin ratio of 30%. Assume both remain constant regardless of sales. What is the break-even sales revenue?

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Break-even sales revenue equals fixed costs divided by the contribution margin ratio. Thus, 1.2 million yen ÷ 0.30 = 4 million yen. At this sales level, the 1.2-million-yen contribution margin exactly covers the 1.2-million-yen fixed costs, leaving zero profit.

Problem 5

A store has monthly fixed costs of 1.2 million yen and a contribution margin ratio of 30%. If both remain constant, how much sales revenue is required to earn a monthly profit of 600,000 yen?

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Required sales for a target profit equal (fixed costs + target profit) divided by the contribution margin ratio. Therefore, (1.2 million + 600,000) ÷ 0.30 = 6 million yen. Simply adding the 600,000-yen target profit to break-even sales is incorrect because not every yen of additional sales becomes profit.

Problem 6

A cash budget forecast 1.2 million yen of cash payments for the current month, but actual payments were 1.5 million yen. Which response is most appropriate?

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Actual cash payments exceeded the budget by 1.5 million − 1.2 million = 300,000 yen. A budget-to-actual variance in a cash budget should prompt examination of causes such as shifted payment dates, one-time payments, or continuing cost increases, followed by an updated forecast to help prevent future cash shortages.

Problem 7

Without using an exception such as a variable working-hours system, a store plans to have employees work beyond statutory working hours during a busy period. Which action should the store take in advance?

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Before requiring work beyond statutory hours or on a statutory day off, the employer must conclude an Article 36 agreement with the majority union or employee representative and file it with the Labor Standards Inspection Office. Filing does not remove the duty to observe the agreement's limits, statutory caps, premium pay, employment contracts, and work rules.

Problem 8

An employee was granted 12 days of statutory annual paid leave. Ten months after the grant date, the employee has requested and taken three days. There is no planned-leave arrangement and no other leave is scheduled in the remaining two months. Which employer response is most appropriate?

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A worker granted at least ten days of statutory annual paid leave must take a total of five days within one year from the grant date. The three days taken at the employee's request count toward those five, leaving two days to secure. If the employer designates dates, it must hear the employee's views and endeavor to respect them.

Problem 9

A customer with a visual impairment asks a store employee to read the labels on several products and explain their differences. The request would not impose an excessive burden on the business. Which response is most appropriate?

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When a person with a disability requests removal of a social barrier, a business should consider a method suited to the individual situation unless the burden is excessive. Clarifying the needed information through dialogue and reading the labels can reasonably support the customer's own choice. A blanket refusal or forcing the employee's product choice is inappropriate.

Problem 10

A retailer has more corporate customers buying on account and is reporting an accounting profit. However, suppliers must be paid in 30 days while receivables are collected in 60 days, and cash on hand is becoming insufficient. Which response is most appropriate?

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Profit is the difference between revenue and expenses; it is not the same as cash available on a payment date. When receivables are collected after supplier payments are due, working capital is needed for the gap. The business should reflect collection and payment timing in a cash budget and consider measures such as negotiating terms or securing financing before a shortage occurs.